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1 Found helpful • 17 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year: Pre-2021
DNA isolation is a process where it enables the purification of DNA from a sample. Polymerase chain reaction is a technique that can be used to amplify DNA and create a personal fingerprint. DNA amplification can be used to determine variability between Individual be based on whether a person is heterozygous or homozygous for a particular gene. It is known that DNA in individuals is 99.9% alike where there is only 0.01% difference in DNA between individuals. Regions that are polymorphic can provide information for particular genetic diseases and provide genetic uniqueness between individual. There are three main genetic variations that can occur between individuals that make each individual differ from another. Variable number of tandem repeats can be found to show variations in length in Individuals composed of repeated copies of DNA sequence. Short tandem repeats are repeats that consist of small nucleotide repeats around 2- 13. Lastly single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common type of genetic variations amongst individual that occur in a single nucleotide. A variable number tandem repeat of the D1S80 gene can be amplified which is found on chromosome 1 on the non-coding region. D1S80 has a repeat unit of 16 base pairs where most individuals have alleles containing between 14 and 40 repeats which are based on maternal and paternal copies of chromosome 1 and which are respectively inherited. Over the next four weeks the main focus is to isolate cheek cell DNA and perform polymerase chain reaction, amplify a region from self-DNA to create a personal fingerprint. Then to analysis the amplified D1S80 DNA and find out the denaturation and hybridisation of the D1S80 PCR product. Finally, a patient case study will be investigated for the determination of breast cancer using QRT-PCR and comparative threshold cycle analysis
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